External Powers and the Arab States: Positions on the
Arab-Israeli Conflict (II): The European Approach to the
Palestine Problem and the Middle East
HE Richard Dalton

The role of the EU is one that compliments that of the US. The EU’s approach to the Palestine problem and the Middle East is based on the following points:

1) The Middle East is a vital region for the EU:
The Middle East issue has always been on the table, as Middle East stability and prosperity have a bearing on the EU as well. Europe is concerned about Middle East insecurity spilling over to Europe, as has been experienced with Algeria. The EU also has strategic relations with the region and wants to see prosperity in the Middle East (e.g., trade_.

2) The need for a durable settlement:
The EU believes that a permanent solution based on rights affirmed in UN Resolution 242 is long overdue. Moreover, the EU is prepared to discuss a Palestinian state.

3) The existence of a road map: the Oslo Accords
Oslo gives an incremental approach (step by step) and, despite its handicaps, is the correct formula. The EU believes that the best way to achieve durable settlement is through direct bilateral negotiations. External actors cannot force consent, but can reaffirm principles of international law. The EU believes in genuine sharing and partnership, and in Palestinian justice. There is no Israeli consensus on the territories - this will be answered in the final status negotiations, which will be affected by the maximalists in Israel.

4) Basic principles:
The current EU situation represents a conflict between statements of what is right and between the ability to exercise private influence. The EU cannot dictate to Israel because this would alienate Israel, which considers EU efforts biased.

5) An active and involved EU:
The EU is seeking to influence both sides, especially Israel, regarding the roadblocks to peace. The role of the EU has evolved in response to 1996 developments, and the EU is trying to establish a balance between its activities and its relationships. At the same time, it also has to coordinate its policy both internally and with the US. The aid program, to which the EU is the largest donor, is a crucial underpinning of the political process.

6) The EU’s Middle East envoy:
The envoy, who used to be the Ambassador to Israel, has the following basic priorities:

to observe negotiations and provide good advice;
to explore opportunities for rebuilding trust and to encourage the implementation, on both sides, of outstanding points;
to improve economic relations between Israel and the Palestinians.

The EU wants to achieve specific results, such as an end to the closure. Oslo will only work if it benefits Palestinians - primarily through a rise in the standard of living and in the status quo. The trilateral relationship between Israel, the Palestinians and the donors must be built upon.