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Jerusalem: Palestinian Dynamics of Resistance and Urban Change, 1967-94
Foot Notes
1 See Pickvance, Chris, 1985, "The Rise and Fall or Urban Movements and the Role of Comparative Analysis", in Environment and Planning D. Society and Space, no. 3, pp. 31-53.
2 See Castells, Manuel, 1983. The City and the Grassroots, Berkeley, University of California Press, 450 pages.
5 See La ville partout en crises, Maniere de Voir, Le Monde Diplomatique, Paris, no. 13, 1991.
6 Stern, Richard, et al. 1992. Une problematique urbaine: le defi de I'urbanisation pour I'aide au developpment, Toronto, Center for Urban and Community Studies, 249 pages.
7 Bullick, Lucie, under the direction of Boucher, Nicole, 1992. Le developpement local. Revue-synthese de la litterature recente, Quebec, Universite Laval, p. 8.
8. Examples .include representatives from the municipal council, chamber of commerce or economic institutions, and people from grassroots or neighbourhood association.See Lemelin, Andre and Morin, Richard, 1991. "L'approche locale et communautaire au developpement economique des zones defavorisees: le cas de Montreal" in Cahiers de geographie du Quebec, vol. 35, no. 95, pp. 285-306.
9 Michel Bassand et al., 1986. Innovation et changement social, Lausanne, Presses ploytehcniques romandes, 136 pages.
10 Schuurman, Frans and Van Naerssen, Ton, 1989. Urban Social Movement in the Third World, London, Routeledge, 233 pages.
11. See Favereau, Lous and Frechette, Lucie, 1991. "L'organisation communautaire avec des communautes locales en Amerique latine", dans Laval Doucet and Favreau, Louis, (Ed.), Theorie et pratiques en organisation communautaire, Sillery, Presses de I'Universite du Quebec, pp. 415-436.
* Favereau, Louis, 1991. "Pratiques d'organisations communautaire en Amerique latin. Les mutations en course" in Nouvelles pratiques sociales, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 81-96.
* Friedman, John, 1988. Life, Space and Economic Space. Essays on Third World. New Brunswick, Transaction Books, 322 pages.
* Friedman, John and Salguero, Mauricio, 1988. "The Barrio Economy and Collective Self-Empowerment in Latin America: a Framework and Agenda for Research" in Smith, Peter (Ed). Power, Community and the city, Comparative Urban and Community Research, vol. 1. New Brunswick, pp. 3-27.
12.Halfani, Mohamed and Sandbrook, Richard, 1993. Empowering People Building Community, Civil Association and Legality in Africa, Toronto, Center for Urban and Community Studies, 209 pages.
13. I have to mention the excellent book of Brown, Kenneth, et al.,, 1989. Etat, ville et mouvements sociaux au Magreb et au Moyen-Orient, Paris L'Harmattan, 346 pages.
14. East Jerusalem refers here to the Old City, the residential and commercial areas which were under the Jordanian control and the 28 villages from the West Bank annexed by the Israeli authorities.
15. Glavanis, Pandeli, 1989. "Jerusalem: Colonisation or Reunification? Facts, Politics and Ideology in an Urban Setting" in Brown, Kenneth et al. (Ed.), Etat, villes et movements sociaux au Magreb et au Moyen-Orient" Paris, L'Harmattan, pp. 198-213.
16. Scholoch, Alexander, Palestine in transformation 1856-1882. Studies in Social Economic and Political Development, 1993 pp. 119-133:
17. Several articles have been published on this issue although the majority of the authors speak bout Judaization rather than Israelization. See Dumper, Michael, 1994. Islam and Israel. Muslim Religious Endowments and The Jewish state, Washington, Institute des etudes Palestiniennes, vol. XXII, no. 3, pp.78-95
18. See Benvenisti, Meron, 1967. Jerusalem: The Torn City, Jerusalem 234 pages.
Dumper, Michael, 1994. Islam and Israel. Muslim Religious Endowments and the Jewish State, Washington, Institute of Palestinian Studies, 192 pages.
Dumper, Michael, 1991. "La colonisation de la Vieille ville de Jerusalem" in Revue d'etudes
Dumper, Michael, 1991. "La colonisation de la Vieille ville de Jerusalem" in Revue d'etudes Palestiniennes, Washinton, Institute of Palestine Studies, pp. 147-171.
Hawari, Mahmood, 1994. "Jerusalem: I'archeolgie devoyee" in Revue d'etudes palestiniennes, no. 51, pp. 106-116.
19. De Jong, Jan, 1992. "Jerusalem: A City Under Siege. The Building of the Israeli Capital, Past, Present and Future," dans Challenge, vol. III, no. 1, January, February, pp. 14-17.
20. Benvenisti, Meron, 1983. Jerusalem. Study of a Polarized Community, Jerusalem, the West Bank Data Base Project, 127 pages.
Benvenisti, Meron, 1981. "Dialogue of action in Jerusalem" in The Jerusalem Quarterly, no. 19, Spring, pp. 10-12.
Romann, Michael and Weingrod, Alex, 1991. Living Together Separately. Arabs and Jews on Contemporary Jerusalem, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 258 pages.
Cohen, Shaul Ephraim, 1993. The Politics of Planting. Israeli-Palestinian Competition for Control of Land in the Jerusalem Periphery, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 203 pages.
21. Kollek. Teddy, 1981. "Jerusalem: Present and Future", in Foreign Affairs, Summer, p. 1041.
22. Interview with Dr. Mahdi Abdul-Hadi, and Mr. Ibrahim Mattar, Jerusalem.
23.I employ the term “Israelization” rather than “Judiazation” to underline the political and ideological objectives of the Israeli state which include but are not restricted to the religious and ethnic aspects. See Dumper, Michael, 1994. Islam and Israel. Muslim Religious Endowments and the Jewish State, Washington, Institute of Palestine Studies, 192 pages.
24. Benvenisti, Meron, 1976. Jerusalem: The Torn City, Jerusalem, 112-113-114.
Romann, Michael and Weingrod, Alex, 1991. Living Togheter Separately. Arabs and Jews in Contemporary Jerusalem. p. 21.
25. Abdul-Hadi, Mahdi, F., 1985. Thoughts on Israel's Policies and Practices in Jerusalem, Center for International Affairs, Harvard Univ., 1984, 60 pages.
Brown, Alison and De Jong, Jan, 1992. Recreating East Jerusalem. Israel's quiet Judaization of the Palestinian City, Jerusalem, Palestine Geographic Research Information Center, 8 pages.
Dakkak, Ibrahim, 1983, "The Transformation of Jerusalem: Juridical and Physical Changes" in Occupation: Israel over Palestine, Nasser H. Aruri (Ed.), Association of Arab-American University Graducates Inc., Massachussetts, pp. 67-96.
Dumper, Michael, 1991. "Jerusalem's Infrastructure: is Annexation Irreversible? in Journal of Palestine Studies, Washington, Institute of Palestine Studies. vo. XXII, no. 3, pp. 78-95.
Mattar, Ibrahim, 1983. "From Palestinian to Israeli: Jerusalem 1948-1982" in Journal of Palestine Studies, Institute of Palestine Studies, vol. XIII, no. 4, pp. 57-61.
26. Romann, Michael and Weingrod, Alex, 1991. Living Togheter Separately. Arabs and Jews in Contemporary Jerusalem, Princeton, Princeton University Press, p. 21.
27. Hutman, Bill, 1994, "Jerusalem Mayor Keep his Eyes on the Capital's Map", in Jerusalem Post, 9 September, p. B3
28. See Benvenisti, Meron, 1976, pp. 139-140
Romann, Michael and Weingrod, Alex, 1991. pp. 198-199-200.
Benziman, Uzi, 1980. "Israeli Policy in East Jerusalem after the reunification" in Kraemer, J.L., Ed., Jerusalem Problems and Prospects, New York, Praeger, p. 106.
29. Shlomo Hasson, 1991. "The Many Faces of Neighborhood Government" in The Review of the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, no. 4, pp. 11-16.
30. PASSIA meeting, April 18th, 1994.
See also Kollek, Teddy, 1981. "Jerusalem: Present and Future" in Foreign Affairs, Summer, pp. 1044-1045.
31. Interview with Sara Kaminker, urban planner and former municipal councilor at the Israeli Jerusalem Municipality, January 1995.
32. Kellerman, Aharon, 1993. Society and Settlement. Jewish Land of Israel in the Twentieth Century, New York, State University of New York Pree, p. 139.
33.See Kimmerling, Baruch, and Migdal, Joel S., 1993. Palestinians. The Making of a People, New York, The Free Press. pp. 64-95
34. De Jong, Jan, 1994. "The secret Map of Non-negotiable Jerusalem" in Challenge, vol. no. 4, pp. 12-14.
Also, interview with Khalil Tufakji, geographer, Palestinian Geographic Research Information Center, East Jerusalem, April, 1994.
35. Khalil Nakleh, "Jerusalem in The Development Plan", in News From Within, vol. X., no. 7, July 1994, p. 8.
36. PASSIA meeting, June 20th, 1994.
37. PASSIA Annual Report 1993, p. 41.
38. This argument esd dihhrdyrf nu z,t/ zontsjo, Fsllsl. Om sm omyrtbore om Frvr,nrt 1994, East Jerusalem.
39. Romann, Michael, 1991. p. 21.
40. Kaminker, Sarah, "Housing and Community Development through Land Reclamation. A Proposal for Planning and Building New Communities in East Jerusalem. Through the Joint use of Planning, Legal and Community Organization Expertise," Paper presented at PASSIA, East Jerusalem, June 1994, p. 3.
41. Interview with Jan de Jong, geographer, December 1995.
43. Dumper, Michael, 1992. "Colonisation de la vieillle ville de Jerusalem", in Revue d'etudes palestiniennes, no. 42, p. 157.
45. Benvenisti, Meron, 1976, pp. 216-217.
46. Dakkak, Ibrahim, 1983. "Back to the Square One. A Study on the re-emergence of the Palestinian Identity in the West Bank" article, p. 16. This article was published in Palestinians Over the Green Line.
47. Dakkak, Ibrahim, Id., p. 12.
48. Romann, Michael and Weingrod, Alex, 1991. Living Together Separately. Arabs and Jews in Contemporary Jerusalem, Princeton, Princeton University Press, pp. 147-172.
49. Benvenisti, Meron, 1976, p. 129.
50. Benvenisti, Ibid., p. 115.
51. Benvenisti, Ibid., p. 104.
52. Dakkak, Ibrahim, 1983, op. cit., p. 12.
53. See Benvenisti, Meron, "Dialogue of Action in Jerusalem" in The Jerusalem Quarterly, no. 19, Spring, p. 19.
Dumper, Michael, 1994. Islam and Israel. Muslim Religious Endowments and the Jewish State, Washington, Institute of Palestine Studies, p. 104.
54. Interview with Fayek Barakat, director of the Arab Chamber of Commerce, East.Jerusalem, June 1994.
55 Benvesiti, Meron, 1976, pp. 166.
56. DUMPER, Michael, 1993. "Jerusalem's Infrastructure: is Annexation Irreversible?", in Journal of Palestine Studies, Washington, Institute of Palestinian Studies, p. 90.
57. Dumper, Michael, Ibid., p. 90.
58. Dumper, Michael, Ibid., p. 91.
59. Benvenisti, 1976, op. cit., pp. 190-194.
60. Dumper, Michael, 1993, Jerusalem's Infrastructure: Is Annexation Irreversible?, in Journal of Palestine Studies, p. 91.
61. Dumper, Michael, Ibid., 1993. p. 92.
62. Dumper, Michael, 1993, p. 92.
63. Dakkak, Ibrahim, 1983, "Vivre a Jerusalem" in Revue d'etudes palestiniennes, pp. 87-122.
64. Ibrahim Dakkak, 1983, "Vivre a Jerusalem", p. 90.
65. Uzi Benziman, op. cit., p. 112-113.
66. Uzi Benziman, Ibid., p. 144.
67. Benvenisti, Meron, 1976, pp. 195-232.
68. Benvenisti, Meron, 1976, p. 150.
Benziman, Uzi, op. cit., p. 101.
69. Dakkak, Ibrahim, 1983. "Back to Square one. Ibid, p. 12.
70. Benvenisti, Meron, 1976., p. 211.
71. Dakkak, Ibrahim, 1983, Back to Square one.Ibid., p. 13.
72. Benveisti, Meron, 1976., pp. 130-131.
73. Meron Benvenisti, 1976. p. 132.
74. Dakkak, Ibrahim, 1983. Op. cit., p. 14.
75. Romann, Michael and Weingrod, Alex, 1991., Living together Separately. Arabs and Jews in Contemporary Jerusalem. pp. 33-34-35.
See also Sarah Kaminker et al., 1994. "Housing and Community Development through Land Reclamation. A Proposal for Planning and Building New Communities in East Jerusalem. Through the Joint Use of Planning, Legal and Community Organization Expertise", a paper presented at PASSIA meeting, Jerusalem, June 1993.
76. Hudson, Michael, C., 1972. "Development and Setbacks in the Palestinian Resistance Movement, 1967-1971" in Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3, p. 82.
77. Dakkak, Ibrahim, 1983, op. cit., p. 10.
78. Dakkak, Ibrahim, 1983, p. 10.
79. Dakkak, Ibrahim, 1983, p. 24 and p. 39.
80. Dakkak, Ibrahim, 1983. "Back to ..." p. 49.
81. PASSIA archives, Jerusalem.
82. Tamari, Salim, 1989. "Dynamiques socials et ideologies de resistance en Cisordanie" dans Mansour, Camille, (ed.), Les Palestiniens de l'interieur, Washington, Les livres de la Revue d'etudes palestiniennes, p. 181.
83.Interview with Ibrahim Mattar, March, 1994.
84. Nakleh, Khalil, 1994. op. cit., p. 5.
86. Jerusalem Post, 19-06-1987.
88. Cohen, Shaul, Ephraim, The Politics of Planting Israeli Palestinian Competition for Control of Land in The Jerusalem Periphery, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, pp. 133-148.
89.Palestinian local newspapers 1985, PASSIA archives, Jerusalem
91. Tamari, Salim, 1989. "Dynamiques socials et ideologies de resistance en Cisjordanie" dans Mansour, Camille, (ed.), Les Palestiniens de l'interieur, Washington, Les livres de la Revue d'etudes palestininiennes, p.179.
92.Tamari, Salim, Ibid., p. 174.
93. Shabab is an Arabic word which literally means youth. During the Intifada, it became the term used to describe young activists who have confronted the Israeli army in the streets.
94. Jerusalem Post, 20-01-1988.
95. Jerusalem Post, 14-02-1988.
96. Jerusalem Post, 19-02-1988.
97. Jerusalem Post, 1991, (date?).
98. Interview with Mr. Omar Yousef, member of the Silwan Committee for the Defense of the Land, March, 1994.
99. PASSIA Diary, Jerusalem, 1989.
100. PASSIA Archives, Jerusalem.
101. Interview with Khader Sheqirat, Director of Land and Water Establishment for Studies and Legal Services, March, 1994..
interview with Jan Abu Shakra, former director of PHRIC, Palestinian Human Rights Information Center, Jerusalem, February, 1994.